conferences on Filipino psychology. then feels an obligation to repay the debt in the future when the helper himself (sic) The concept of a great cultural divide is a legacy which Enriquez has left behind, food for serious thought, for both academician and layman alike. This conventional interpretation of hiya is inadequate because it does not take into account the importance of understanding how affixations in Philippine languages can give a new meaning to a word. Sibley (1965), an American scholar, translated hiya as shame. of other cultures and ethnicities. In fact, even before they have said Bahala na! they Associated with the above are societal values such as karangalan (dignity), katarungan (justice), and kalayaan (freedom). Much, but not all, of this progress is the result of efforts associated with the indigenous Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) movement, which emphasizes (a) the development of a Filipino psychology that reflects the unique experiences and orientations of Filipinos, (b) Filipino identity and national consciousness, (c) explicit socio . , n data over a period of time.2.a bar graph works similarly with a line graph,but it only differs in the use of bars of different heights to show different values.3.a circle graph or pie graph is used to present for porportions out of the whole.4.a chart is drawing that shows organization or relationship by using words,pictures, or symbols,or a combination of all three.5.a table is the presentation of information or data in columns and rows , Speech about persons with disabilities in English. It is also concerned with folk practices or indigenous techniques of healing, popular religio-political movements, and community or rural psychology. He encouraged Filipino scholars to take a second look at these values using a Filipino orientation. This may serve as a with their homeland. In 1966, he left for the United States to pursue a Masters, then later a Doctoral degree in Psychology at Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois. For him, what is important is the immediate application of psychology in understanding and helping solve the problems in Philippine society. Torres used and developed the Filipino language in psychology consistently and continuously, inspiring others to follow. foreigners) to take a keen interest in Sikolohiyang Pilipino. freer to be themselves when in a sympathetic group of friends than in a one on one The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. Since the inception of Sikolohiyang Pilipino there has been a number of issues and concerns articulated by its proponents and critics. ideas, concepts, and formulations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated. The person helped management style, dementia screening, empathy, and trustworthiness, to name a (Psychology 108) was concerned. It develops psychology as a science and psychology as an art. The indirect pattern of communication of Filipinos has thus resulted in indirectness or euphemisms in verbal exchange, expressive body language, voice intonations that say more than the words themselves, and other similar behaviors. this was initiated when Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez returned to the Philippines from As stated earlier Sikolohiyang Filipino has become a breakthrough to world psychology. It thus poses as a great challenge for non-Filipinos to read these messages communicated indirectly, or rather, nonverbally. calling heard by many Filipinos who go to other lands but who still retain strong ties Utang na loob is a Kaakbay means to support. Andres (1994, pp. He basically questioned Sikolohiyang Pilipinos position It is explained that the majority of Filipinos are poor and religion has become an important facet of life, to the extent that some disbelieve in science. And here is where pakikiramdam (sensitivity) is most needed in trying to continued long after his death in 1994 such as the holding of annual national Tangco is in the process of writing his Ph.D. dissertation, focusing on the metaphors that guide discourse in Sikolohiyang Pilipino as well as determine its methodology. The spread of Sikolohiyang Pilipino outside the Philippines. Bostrom (1968) was the first psychologist to analyze this value by comparing it with American fatalism. Enriquez built up a collection of student papers and set up a library of Philippine psychology, housing materials written in English and in Filipino, published and unpublished, at the PPRTH. It is against a psychology used for the exploitation of the masses. among scholars. Estrada-Claudios radical postmodern feminist thinking was the lack of a textbook. Such a universal psychology is perhaps more of a vision than a reality. unpublished, at the PPRTH. With some affixes, it becomes negative, e.g., napahiya; with others, positive, e.g., mahiyain (shy); and in still other forms, it can either be positive or negative depending on the context, e.g., kahihiyan (sense of propriety, or embarrassment). Without a clear definition, the direction of the movement would not have been as focused and solid. Lazo, de Jesus & Tiglao, 1976; Ramos, 1977). It is against a psychology used David taught psychology in Filipino the year before he left to pursue his when nationalism was sweeping the country. He believes that universal knowledge cannot be found at the level of phenomenon or experience but rather in the construction and interpretation of meaningful concepts and theories. appropriate and suited to Filipinos. For example, if one is regarded as ibang-tao, the interaction can range from pakikitungo (transaction/civility with), to pakikisalamuha (inter-action with), to pakikilahok (joining/participating), to pakikibagay (inconformity with/in-accord with), and to pakikisama (being along with). However, the internal aspect, which is at the core of his pagkatao (personality), is Asian deference for authority, modesty/humility, concern for others, etc. which is a virtue expected of unmarried Filipino women. Academe responded to this call by trying to make the university more relevant to the interest of the common tao (people or mass). Fifth, the language of the people should be the language of research at all times. *If you want to look for other topics (English or Tagalog), search here: Check out: Jose Rizals Collaborations with Other HeroesbyJensen DG. experience has proven that approaching psychology using these models cannot The Filipino is a blend of East and West. The concept of a universal psychology based on a broader range of cultures is not new. I grew up eating Filipino food. for the English word happiness; pigil and timpi for control; and dama and importance is attached to kamalayan (psyche), thus subsidiary importance attached Third, the welfare of the research participants take precedence over the data In fact, the word indigenization is erroneous because how can you indigenize something which is already indigenous? VirgilioEnriquez: Pioneer of Sikolohiyang Pilipino In That the before basis: Three Core Concept of the values of the Phillipine Personality Theory: the Kapwa, Pakiramdam and Kagandahang loob that has been interpreted as share identity, shared inner perception and shared humanity must be change. On the mentalism-behaviorism issue, Sikolohiyang Pilipino admits both but with lesser emphasis on individual experience and with greater emphasis on the collective experience of a people with a common bond of history. If one is categorized as hindi-ibang-tao, then you can expect pakikipagpalagayang-loob (being in-rapport/understanding/ acceptance with), or pakikisangkot (getting involved), or the highest level of pakikiisa (being one with). that developing a particularistic psychology such as Filipino psychology is not anti- For centuries, Filipino behavior has been analyzed and interpreted in the light of Western theories. What is clear, however, It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. this in a continuum. diwa), and the soul (kaluluwa) which is the way to learning about peoples Pakiramdam operates behind all Filipino values. pakikipagkapwa which means treating the other person as kapwa or fellow human Second, research participants should always be treated by researchers as equal, if not superior a fellow human being and not like a guinea pig whose sole function is to provide data. cannot expect people to adjust to the method; the method should adjust to the Salazar was both a friend and critic of Enriquezs work. Virgilio Enriquez: Pioneer of Sikolohiyang Pilipino The stream of nationalism was starting to have an effect on the teaching of different courses at U.P. Pilipino by underscoring the need for a socio-historical perspective in understanding It is based on assessing historical and sociocultural realities, understanding the local language, unraveling Filipino characteristics, and explaining them through the eyes of the native Filipino. The approach is one of indigenization from within whereby the theoretical framework and methodology emerge from the experiences of the people from the indigenous culture. Enriquezs most significant contribution to the Sikolohiyang Pilipino movement probably lies in clarifying what Sikolohiyang Pilipino is. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Lagmay (1977) explained that bahala na is not fatalism but determination and risk-taking. Not only do the poor eat diferent food, if they eat at all, but they also have their Sikolohiyang Pilipino Teorya, Metodo at Gamit: Filipino Psychology : Theory, Method and ApplicationMarch 1990, Univ Philippines PrPaperback in English9710300210 9789710300211. who is a kind and honest person and respects the dignity of hard work has a lot of The first level focused on the specific needs and problems of the individual child. However, However, they can still lay claim to Filipino cultural identity (differentiated from a national identity) because both their parents are Filipino, some of them still speak or at least understand one Philippine language. Enriquez was also responsible for establishing organizations in entry of Western psychology (mainly American tradition) at Philippine universities. SP should focus on the lived experiences of people immersed in Philippine life and culture. Salazars more emic approach and Enriquezs more etic Salazar (1981, 1985b) expounded on aixation and hiya and showed the internal currently doing a three-year research project commissioned by the Education for Ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino (The Filipino Psychology). What does having a positive attitude in life mean? positivist framework. In reality, the foreigner or the Westernized Filipino is impatient with this mode of communication, and questions the usefulness of this cultural way. ), Dr. Alfredo V. Lagmay, Enriquez embarked on a research into the historical and cultural roots of Philippine Psychology. Researchers Bonifacio (1976) alerted us to the different meanings of the word hiya depending on its form nakakahiya (embarrassing), napahiya (placed in an awkward position), ikinahiya (be embarrassed with someone), etc. Salazar, on the other hand, continues to draw efort translating psychological materials into Filipino. This disenchantment continued as Filipinos struggled to assert their The irst faculty member to teach the course was Jose Ma. It is therefore important for Sikolohiyang Pilipino to take a more critical ), Initial work on developing Sikolohiyang Pilipino concentrated on a type of psychological measurement, Enriquezs Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao clearly stands then the USA, academic psychology, or the psychology taught in schools, was to capture or express a truly Filipino psychology. Impact on the teaching of psychology in the Philippines, In a U. two-volume bibliography on Filipino psychology and a locally developed personality (Enriquez, 1976), he distinguished Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) from new directions in teaching psychology, and an active participation in organizations of culture, the use of the local languages and the development of a national It has been shown that Philippine psychologys colonial character as a captive of an American dominated, English-speaking world is one of Sikolohiyang Pilipinos major areas of protest (Enriquez, 1987, p. 279). komiks (popular illustrated magazines in Filipino), listen to soap operas on radio, There are still no resolutions to these debates at this point. This tradition is chiefly focused on what is called Rational psychology.. Ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino ay sikolohiyang bunga ng karanasan, kaisipan, at oryentasyong Pilipino. liberation psychology. indigenous method, multi-method multi-language approach, appropriate ield stability], kakayahang berbal sa Filipino [verbal ability in Filipino], Filipino distorted. That's mainly to help contribute in the furtherance of collective studies of the human psyche, which is largely due to the fact that we are all humans here at the end of the day (although there's also a field called animal psychology). Interest has grown by leaps and bounds from the handful Basic Tenets and Principles in IP? institution or funding agency. relationships that binds a person to his or her home community or home country. Enriquez (1985) later defined Sikolohiyang Pilipino as the study of diwa (psyche), which in Filipino directly refers to the wealth of ideas referred to by the philosophical concept of essence and an entire range of psychological concepts from awareness to motives to behavior (p. 160). and cultural roots of Philippine Psychology. The most important aspect of this definition is the Filipino orientation. Filipino psychology (sikolohiyang Pilipino in Filipino) is the scientific study of psychology derived from the experience, ideas, and cultural orientation of the Filipinos. ready to face the diicult situation before them, and will do their best to achieve in sophistication (bakya refers to the traditional wooden clogs, popular among the Major characteristics of Sikolohiyang Pilipino as an indigenous Asian measurement, and saw a recent upsurge in the development of indigenous Filipinos are good in sensing cues (magaling makiramdam), she upheld (Kapwahan, n.d.). Since these theories are can give a new meaning to a word. aims to understand the Filipino psyche using indigenous concepts. It is the profound deep inner feeling that fuels all pertinent deeds. He made signiicant contributions to Sikolohiyang speciic needs and problems of the individual child. The Filipino personality is a popular area of study of many foreign scholars who came to the Philippines. diferent places. associations that supported the goals of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. There were some attempts to formulate appropriate techniques in therapy suited to have probably done their best to prepare for the forthcoming situation. Pilipinos accumulated body of literature and research data. In Filipino social interaction, one is immediately placed elements of Filipino leadership. tradition of Thomistic philosophy and psychology. Lagmay After all is said and done, the more appropriate translation of hiya in English is not shame but sense of propriety. Obviously, Tagalog holds importance for those living in the Tagalog region. formulations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated. handle stress], pagkamabahala [anxiety], kahustuhang emosyonal [emotional (There are many other examples which are discussed further in this article.) the indigenous elements and reject the foreign aspects and put them in the context In fact, this is expressed in a popular Filipino saying, Ang hindi lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan. So, the students and Pe-Pua immediately worked at gathering these materials, reproducing them and binding them into one volume (Enriquez, 1992). experience, thought and orientation of the Filipinos, based on the full use of Filipino Enriquez (1992) also explored the idea of a great cultural divide in the analysis of Universality of psychology. Sibley (1965), an American scholar, translated hiya as shame. Filipino-Americans do not have what both Salazar and Enriquez calls a national consciousness precisely because they are outsiders and unable to participate in national discourse that shapes consciousness. Protacio-Marcelino (1996) responded to these points in her Ph.D. dissertation on ethnicity and identity issues of second generation Filipino-Americans by stressing that indeed Filipino-Americans are not Filipino they are both Filipino and American. Pua took of where Bartolome left as far as teaching the subject Sikolohiyang Pilipino The root word "akbay" conjures images of lifting up, shoulder on shoulder. Sikolohiyang Pilipino has also been applied in industry particularly in the marketing of specific products and understanding consumer behavior. However, there are still a number of individuals in these countries who believe in the Sikolohiyang Pilipino orientation and tradition though they may no longer have the organizational expression. Grace Orteza has improved on Sikolohiyang Pilipinos understanding of pakikipagkuwentuhan (story-telling) as consistent with the core concept of Enriquezs kapwa psychology. It decently aims, among others, to build a community of peoplestudents and non-students alikewho love to read, learn, and seek wisdom. process of writing his Ph. Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (PSSP, National Association for Filipino Enriquez named this shared perception as heightened awareness and sensitivity of Filipinos while his student Rita Mataragnon described it as emotional a-priori of Filipino people. Rather, they are telling themselves that they are In the history of Philippine Thus, using American categories and standards, the native Filipino invariably suffers from the comparison in not too subtle attempts to put forward Western behavior patterns as models for the Filipino (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). the particular nature of Filipino psychology. Another American, Lynch (1961) saw hiya as the uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position, or performing a socially unacceptable action. For example, when an employee is scolded in front of other people. The U. was the irst university to ofer it. Because its goal is to generalize research findings, this brand of psychology seeks to apply western theories and methods to non-western societies and cultures. interest.. especially diicult circumstances such as children in situations of armed conlict, But after a few years, they became igure out how the research method will work most efectively. Pilipino perspective, Enriquez (1992) re-conceptualized the Filipino behaviour Since these theories are inevitably culture-bound, the picture of the Filipino has been inaccurate, if not distorted. 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