The Spotsylvania Court wrestles with the reality of emancipation. On May 9, 1861, at 23 years of age, Alfred volunteered for service in the Greenbrier Rifles, which would become part of the 27th Virginia Infantry, a regiment in the famous Stonewall Brigade of the Confederate Army. Pork and corn were the primary rations issued to those who were enslaved, but they were supplemented by plants and animals grown or raised or gathered from nearby rivers and fields. The career staff of the Department of Fire, Rescue, and Emergency Management provide fire and rescue services 24/7/365 at all 11 stations, 1 (Courthouse), 2 (Brokenburg), 3 (Partlow), 4 (Four Mile Fork), 5 (Chancellor), 6 (Salem Church), 7 (Wilderness), 8 (Thornburg), 9 (Belmont), 10 (Salem Fields), 11 (Crossroads). 1 ' Also, the investigators said William Waller of Spotsylvania County, Va., never owned Kizzie or the slaves attributed to him in the book. This is a category for those who held slaves in this county. Abraham, Robin, Cupid and the others were certainly not the last enslaved people to live and work at Chatham. [7], As the colonial population increased, Spotsylvania County was established in 1721 from parts of Essex, King and Queen, and King William counties. Susanna Michele Lee, now at North Carolina State University, examined and recorded these and other primary sources on behalf of the park. This program is being sponsored by Eastern National. The Prose Works of William Byrd of Westover: Narratives of a Colonial Virginian. The attack occurred just a few yards from this location, down Commerce Street. I Found the Person I Was Looking For, What Now? The blacks who were arrested were either hung or sold south. Everyone did well, but it occurred to me as the morning went on that not a person there would have remembered beyond dinnertime any of the profound thoughts we conveyed if we had been in a banquet hall or lecture room, or in Minnesota or Maryland. "Slave Owners in 'Spotsylvania' County, 1783," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. Look for variant spellings of the names. 21 occurrences of free *slave* records . See article: Historic log dating project a Greenfield Plantation for history and photographs. After an 1808 act of Congress abolished the international slave trade, a domestic trade flourished. Yes, but I have in mind such scenes from the eighteen-teens, not the eighteen-sixties. On Sundays, enslaved individuals tended to their own gardens and livestock provided by their enslavers, practiced religion, and engaged with family and friends. (VMHC 1983.31), A deed of emancipation written by Richard Rowell of Surry County, 1782, which includes the text,Being fully persuaded that freedom is the Natural Right of all Mankind and that it is my duty to do unto others as I woud desire to be done by in the like situation I hereby Emancipate a Slave by the Name of Sarah, aged fifty five Years. (VMHC Mss3 Su788 a 5). Travelers to Virginia were appalled by the system of slavery they saw practiced there. He married Sarah "Sally" Chiles 1768-1826. At 10 a.m., the family will honor the 150th anniversary of the liberation of the people it calls "Spotsylvania's Americans of African descent," a group that was the county's majority . It has become ubiquitous, even a bit of a cliche, largely because no other image comes close to matching its power. . (1645-1726) England. The Franklin and Armfield Office, which houses the Freedom House Museum, is a historic commercial building in Alexandria, Virginia (until 1846, the District of Columbia).Built c. 1810-1820, it was first used as a private residence before being converted to the offices of the largest slave trading firm in the United States, started in 1828 by Isaac Franklin and John Armfield. Slave Owners Spotsylvania County, 1783 (Continued) is an article from The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Volume 4. He was the son of Abraham Estes II 1697-1759 and Anne Watkins 1696-1735. Isle of Wight County, Virginia - Motor vehicle crash fatalities: 15.7 per 100K . An opportunity presented itself when two escaped men came to his store late one evening, reportedly having been beaten earlier in the day and threatened by their owner with sale away from their families. In the era of the French Revolution and through the rise of Napoleon, Europes wars roiled the people of the central Rappahannock valley despite the vast distances intervening. Most engaged in day-to-day resistancebreaking equipment, stealing foodstuffs, slowing the work-pace. His is an important voiceone of two complete memoirs from a Fredericksburg slave, and by far the best. Throughout slavery and beyond, spirituality and the church served a vital role in Black communities. Herndon, VA, is named in his honor. From that point forward, most white Virginians approved of the practice, denied its evils, and defended it as a positive good., In 1782, the General Assembly allowed enslavers to free the people they enslaved. Daughter of Spencer and Elizabeth Garland Goodwin Coleman, who were married on 19 May of 1787. Lucys mistress, Ptolemy Powell, reported the rumblings of a slave insurrection to the Magistrate on February 22, 1816, who arranged for an investigation. The old Court House and Jail are most infamously known for the apprehension and escape of George Boxley known in Virginia history as a white man who facilitated the planning of a slave insurrection by allowing slaves to meet in the store on his property. ** Spotsylvania County Court Order Book, April 4, 1864, Library of Virginia. General Jackson died a few days later from pneumonia at nearby Guinea Station. Virginia Historical Society, 428 N Arthur Ashe Boulevard Born in 1800 in Spotsylvania County, near Fredericksburg, Ballard started working as a long-distance slave trader in the early 1820s. White southerners prohibited enslaved African Americans from learning to read, restricted their movement, prevented them from meeting in groups, and publicly punished those who attempted to escape slavery. This article describes a collection of records at FamilySearch.org. Depiction of the role of the Freedmans Bureau, Harpers Weekly, July 25, 1868. . His fathers will was to return all slaves to the estate and free them. George Boxley lived the rest of his life on this land in Indiana. As Doctor Galland rose to testify, he must have presented both an unusual figure on the stand and a deep surprise to the soldiers on trial. Library of Virginia. Comfortable in his new life, George sought the job of Justice of the Peace in 1824, but he was publicly challenged about his past and forced to admit his actions to his neighbors and friends. More importantly, he lived to see the North defeat the South in the Civil War and the end of slavery for which he advocated for so long. The alley in the modern photo passes through what was once the center of the c. 1757 building. Three bounty hunters tried to capture him while he worked in his field and his sons successfully fought them off. Categories: Virginia, Slavery | United States of America, Slave Owners. The growing number of free Black individuals in Virginiamore than 30,000 in 1810challenged the assumption that black skin equaled enslavement. General Stonewall Jackson was shot and mortally wounded by friendly fire in Spotsylvania County during the Battle of Chancellorsville. However, as he was sworn in on June 2, 1865, Gallands story had the power to clear a mans name and reveal the threads of guilt among the accused soldiers. [5] Its county seat is Spotsylvania Courthouse. The colonization movement was controversial among Black Americans. His explanation follows. See A Guide to Virginia City and County Records on Microfilm for available indexes. (LogOut/ It consists of 17 Elementary, 7 Middle, and 5 High Schools and has a total enrollment of nearly 24,000 students. CALL: 804.340.1800 or 800.358.8701 A broadside printed in 1831 to report the Nat Turner revolt, with the headline: HORRID MASSACRE IN VIRGINIA . These collections may have additional materials to help you with your research. In the county, the population was spread out, with 30.00% under the age of 18, 7.30% from 18 to 24, 32.20% from 25 to 44, 22.20% from 45 to 64, and 8.30% who were 65 years of age or older. This collection contains an index and images of birth registers of enslaved persons from Virginia compiled by the Works Progress Administration (WPA). However, rights to view these data are limited by contract and subject to change. One suspects that the effect in Spotsylvania was precisely what Lincoln hoped it would be when he pondered the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862. In 1864 the court reported that despite the efforts of an intelligent and energetic agent of this court to procure the necessary food for the soldiers families and in the indigent poor of this county, it has been found that it cannot be procured either in this our the adjoining counties, it is simply because the food does not exist in this region of countryas an illustration of the pressing need, it may be cited that the fact in one of the magisterial districts of this county there are forty families of soldiers now in the Confederate service dependent on the aid of the court for food, and that there is not food enough now under the control of the county agent to feed these families for one month and that in two other magisterial districts the supply is still scantier. A commonly held belief, one that has been challenged recently, is that newly freed slaves, having no surnames of their own, adopted the surnames of their final master. His plan was based on "heaven-sent" orders to free the slaves. . p. 119-14 Sept 1805-Hannah X Tynes of I of W and "colony" of VA-sells to Abel Garrison of same-for 15L-tract of 12 acres-rec 2 Dec 1805. p. 126-Robt Jordan of I of W sells to Negro Port Davis for . According to Buelah B. Gray's 1986 book on the family, Capt. My picture is taken a bit closer than OSullivans original image, and you can see the bridge (re-built) appears closerwhich is a function of the zoom lens distorting the natural depth of field.. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Virginia County Records, Spotsylvania County, 1721-1800 Being transcriptions, from the original files at the county court house, of wills, deeds, administrators' and guardians' bonds, marriage licenses, and lists of revolutionary pensioners (Source: FamilySearch) Virginia Land, Marriage, and Probate Records 1639-1850 (Source: Explore Ancestry . Slave Owners Spotsylvania County, 1783. Fielding died 1826. Spotsylvania residents are represented by either Abigail Spanberger (D-7th District) or Rob Wittman (R-1st District) in the House of Representatives. The results of reviewing the names in the register were revealing. He tried to recruit slaves from Orange, Spotsylvania, and Louisa counties to meet at his home with horses, guns, swords and clubs. Fielding Estes was born 1744 in Spotsylvania County, VA and died 1826 in Henry County, KY. The district partners with area businesses to develop learning opportunities for the students. . Spotsylvania County proudly shares a distinctive heritage that visitors can experience through our significant sites, wayside exhibits, battlefields and museums. It also reflects what has over the decades been our traditional understanding of the event hereabouts. The Superior Court Grand Jury returned an indictment against Boxley for insurrection; his wife was never blamed or charged for aiding her husband. A smaller group of men and women cooked, cleaned, served meals, and raised the children of the enslavers family. One explanation given in the classroom and elsewhere is that Carters William easily became William Carter. luckily, there are now some local records easily accessible on-line to test whether slaves in one area actually did adopt their final masters name. Some, like Chatham and Brompton, are surely more famous. Is this the most important Civil War-era building in the Fredericksburg region? The land grants made through 1728 were in Spotsylvania County, the grant in 1735 to Zimmerman was in Orange County and the rest in Culpeper County, reflecting changing county lines. Richmond,Virginia23220, Galleries, Store, & Caf daily 10:00 am-5:00 pm The self-criticism and efforts for abolition ended, however, after Nat Turners rebellion of 1831. 69 occurrences of free *slave* records Administrative Information. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The room he describes is likely that directly over the side entrancethe third window from the left. North Carolina. Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. Nancy Townsend Estes was born 1757 Spotsylvania Co, VA and died 1798 in Kentucky. Spotsylvania is governed by a Board of Supervisors. The first is an account written by Helen Bernard,a white resident who was staying just outside town at a house called Beaumontnear where Golds Gym stands today. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Benjamin Ballard 25 Nov 1768 Spotsylvania, Virginia - abt 1864. An early Fredericksburg historian, who doubtless had neighbors and acquaintances possessing memories of the Napoleonic period, wrote that bitter feeling over foreign policy and other political issues increased locally through the 1790s, even boiling over at times. In 1796, Fredericksburgers learned that one of their fellow townsmen, William MCoy, was among the American sailors impressed by the British Navy. The experienceprofound in many waysgot me wondering whether or not we were standing before the most important Civil War-era building in the Fredericksburg region. Washingtons memories of slavery in Fredericksburg, and especially in this house, are a powerful testament to a life striving toward freedom. He published two anti-slavery articles under a pen name. The index is arranged alphabetically by the name of the slave holder. In 1805, George married Hannah Jenkins from a nearby farm and they began a family. African Americans adapted Indigenous, European, and African food traditionssuch as deep-fat frying, gumbo, and fricasseeto feed their own families as well as those of their enslavers. The County Court (the modern equivalent to the Board of Supervisors), sought exemption from the requisition. The population density was 226 inhabitants per square mile (87/km2). It has been estimated that perhaps as many as 10,000 slaves passed through the military frontier around Fredericksburg to take refuge within Union lines. Smithfield in Va-ditto-frees slave called Peggy a girl abt 14-7 Oct 1805 . They had 10 children, with 6 reaching adulthood: Richard, George, Edward, Ann, Ellen, and Janet. Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Virginia, Slave Owners]] . In his final act as a slave, he did so again. Loundon Co. Duncan, Patricia B. Abstracts of Loudoun County Virginia Register of Free Negroes 1844-1861.Willow Bend Books, Westminster Maryland, 2000. a history of st. mark's parish (genealogies) . Part one can be found here, and part two is here. Aberdeen, Henry 4/4 p.826 Norfolk County. Events and motives of individuals, as well as the nuances of emotion, are always more complex. You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-4241963, Uploaded by This post is the third in a series exploring the details of the murder of a Fredericksburg shopkeepers brother, attacked on the night of May 25, 1865, by soldiers of the Army of the Potomacs Sixth Corps on their way home from war. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, 1832, 1860; patrollers's returns and claims, 1774-1859; petitions to remain in the state, 1843; petitions for voluntary reduction to slavery, 1861; certificates of importation, 1812-1815, and miscellanous documents. This page was last modified 06:26, 6 May 2021. Helpful Links . By thenfive weeks before the Emancipation Proclamationfreedom already seized had radically reduced the available labor force in Spotsylvania County. Marker is located along Lee Drive in the Fredericksburg-Spotyslvania Military Park. Bounty hunters were still trying to find him in 1821, but Ohio Governor James Preston would not pursue the matter. Courthouse Historic District Web Tour; . In Virginia of that day, where slaves He scolded against slavery regularly which did not endear him to his neighbors. As is shown in the original images, you can barely discern Tinpot Run to the right. I will return to this scene on August 19 and take the picture on or about the same day it was taken 150 years ago. See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. Lawson Barnett 15 Feb 1791 Fauquier, Virginia, United States - 12 Jul 1864. Spotsylvania County. This was a special point with him being a citizen of Virginia, the largest slave-holding state. 1810 Census Stoner, Bourbon Co, KY1 Slave, 1820 Census West Port, Henry Co, KY3 Slaves:2 M under 141 F under 14. Whole estate to be kept together until youngest child comes of age. A., DeCosta, B. F., Johnston, H. P., Lamb, M. J., & Pond, N. G. (1887). In 1732 William Byrd II visited the . Change). Virginia General Assembly. 1955. The river curls around to thesouth from there. Searching for People. A Guide to Manuscripts, African American Research at the Library of Virginia to 1870, Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society, Federal Records that Help Identify Former Slaves and Slave Owners, Restrictions for Viewing Images in FamilySearch Historical Record Collections, Birth records (Virginia), 1853-1896; indexes, 1853-1899; delayed birth indexes, 1912-1950. Baltimore: Southern. George Boxley was a first generation American born in 1780 to English immigrants Thomas and Mary Boxley. on March 19, 2013, There are no reviews yet. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. Also Thomas Wright was given a grant of 400 acres joining on Joseph Bloodworth beginning and extending near Summerduck Run 28 September 1728 Spotsylvania County. Marker is at or near this postal address . Spotsylvania County (Va.), and William Armstrong Crozier. Richmond became the largest slave-trading center in the Upper South, and the slave trade was Virginias largest industry. We know only a few of their stories. Coordinates: 3811N 7739W / 38.18N 77.65W / 38.18; -77.65, Historic home listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Spotsylvania County, United States presidential election results for Spotsylvania County, Virginia, now the United Methodist Church in the United States. Spotsylvania County 9104 Courthouse Road Spotsylvania, VA 22553. It is one of the most famous images of the Civil War, used constantly to illustrate slaves efforts to achieve freedom. United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850, United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1860, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=Virginia,_Slave_Birth_Index_-_FamilySearch_Historical_Records&oldid=5197517, FamilySearch Historical Records Published Collections, FamilySearch Historical Records Image Visibility Notice. Learn how your comment data is processed. Title Owners People GeoCoord NRHP Ref Number; Aberdeen Plantation: Thomas Cocke : John P. Cocke, Edmund Ruffin: 371335N 770843W : 01001569 When their absences were noticed, a slave woman named Lucy reported that she had heard talk around George Boxleys about a slave revolt. Through folklore, they maintained a sense of identity and taught valuable lessons to their children. Sophia Street from Shiloh Baptist Church (Old Site) to the middle crossing site below city dock, where hundreds, perhaps thousands of slaves crossed in 1862. The following information may be found in these records: Before searching this collection, it is helpful to know: Compare each result from your search with what you know to determine if there is a match. This practice is not unknown and may have been more common than we assume. Ann Hull Herndon married Matthew Fontaine Maury. *. Twenty-seven so- called black conspirators were also arrested. He arrived in Indiana as a fugitive from justice and was the first settler in Adams Township, Hamilton County, Indiana. Make An Appointment to View Photographs & Museum Objects, Order Photocopies & Digital Reproductions, The Garden Club of Virginia Historic Restorations Project, Confederate Memorial Literary Society (CMLS) Image Collection, Major Business Record Collections at the Virginia Historical Society, Basic Virginia business and economic history bibliography and online resources, Unknown No Longer: A Database of Virginia Slave Names, Virginia's Civil War: A Guide to Manuscripts at the Virginia Historical Society, Civil War in Virginia Published & Primary Sources, Index to African American material in the broadside collection, Index to African American material in the sheet music collection, Manuscript Collections for the Environmental History Resources Guide, Other Related Collections for the Environmental History Resources Guide, Virginia Historical Society Gift Calculator, Tax Information & Charitable Accountability. Acom, Solomon 3 p.2 . The original plantation house still exists at the end of Wallers Road. The slavery categories exist to help with tracking the genealogy and family history of pre-Civil War era slaves. Free persons of color also presented what enslavers feared was a dangerous example. The couple had five more children. A letter from a slaveowner was necessary to permit enslaved African Americans to be baptized at Upper Goose Creek Church in Fauquier County. (LogOut/ Built as a bank in 1820, it continues as a bank in 2010. Search the history of over 778 billion Pre-1820 Virginia Manumissions. Our friend Clark B. John Chappell left Southampton, England, in 1635 for Warwick County, and was the sixth great-grandfather of Jacob Chappell, son of Job . The board consists of seven members (one from each district within the county). Bud Hall, an indefatigable and unconquerable preservationist and maven of all things Civil War Culpeper (he is the only one of the Virginia crowd of preservationists to have his picture on the front of a national magazine, so far as I know), recently managed to visit the site and kindly share with us this image of the site today. Did the freemen choose these names when they became free or are these surnames that they carried before freedom came? The management of an enslaved workforce was a frequent topic of debate among slaveholders. Some enslaved Virginians instigated organized, armed rebellion or attempted escape, even though success was unlikely and punishments included execution and disfigurement. A group of Confederate soldiers from North Carolina were in the woods and heard General Jackson's party returning from reconnoitering the Union lines. They also passed new restrictions on Black Virginians, including requiring Black congregations to be supervised by a white minister, and making it illegal to teach Black people to read. A cousin of the English Civil War parliamentarians William and Hardress Waller, Waller had a brother called William who became a Church of England clergyman and another brother, . Our traditional understanding of the c. 1757 building international slave trade, domestic... County ( Va. ), sought exemption from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate.. Building in the original images, you can barely discern Tinpot Run the. Radically reduced the available labor force in Spotsylvania County & # x27 ; s Book! Understanding of the role of the most important Civil War-era building in the Fredericksburg region with your research plan... R-1St District ) or Rob Wittman ( R-1st District ) or Rob Wittman ( R-1st District ) Rob. 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